James Paul Clarke

James Paul Clarke
James Paul Clarke
President pro tempore of the United States Senate
	In office; March 13, 1913 – October 1, 1916
Preceded by	Jacob H. Gallinger
Succeeded by	Willard Saulsbury Jr.
United States Senator; from Arkansas
	In office; March 4, 1903 – October 1, 1916
Preceded by	James K. Jones
Succeeded by	William F. Kirby
18th Governor of Arkansas
	In office; January 8, 1895 – January 12, 1897
Preceded by	William Meade Fishback
Succeeded by	Daniel Webster Jones
Attorney General of Arkansas
	In office; 1893–1895
Governor	William M. Fishback
Preceded by	William E. Atkinson
Succeeded by	E. B. Kinsworthy
Member of the Arkansas Senate
	In office; 1888–1892
Member of the Arkansas House of Representatives
	In office; 1886–1888
Personal details
Born	August 18, 1854; Yazoo City, Mississippi
Died	October 1, 1916 (aged 62); Little Rock, Arkansas
Resting place	Oakland Cemetery
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	University of Virginia
Profession	Lawyer

James Paul Clarke (August 18, 1854 – October 1, 1916) was a United States Senator and the 18th Governor of Arkansas.

Biography[edit]

Clarke was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi. His father died when Clarke was seven years old, and he was raised by his mother. Clarke attended public schools as well as Tutwilder's Academy in Greenbrier, Alabama.^[1] He graduated with a law degree at the University of Virginia in 1878. Clarke was admitted to the bar in 1879, and practiced law at Helena, Arkansas.

Career[edit]

Clarke served as a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1886 to 1888. He became a member of the Arkansas Senate from 1888 to 1892 and served as president of the Senate in 1891.

James Paul Clarke

Clarke was elected Attorney General of Arkansas and served from 1892 to 1894. He served as Governor of Arkansas from 1895 to 1897.^[2] Clarke was devoted to "upholding white supremacy as the keystone of the Democratic Party. 'The people of the South,' he said in his closing speech of the election, 'looked to the Democratic party to preserve the white standards of civilization.' Clarke easily defeated his opponents."^[3]

His term was largely unsuccessful and his legislation to end prizefighting and establish four-year terms for state officers failed. After leaving office in 1897, he moved his permanent residence to Little Rock, Arkansas and practiced law.

Clarke was elected to the United States Senate in 1903 and served until his death in 1916. He served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate during the Sixty-third and Sixty-fourth Congresses.

Death and legacy[edit]

Clarke died in Little Rock, Arkansas. He is buried at Oakland Cemetery in Little Rock.

Clarke's statue is one of two statues that was presented by the State of Arkansas to the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol. In 2019 the decision was made to replace his statue, and that of Uriah Milton Rose, with statues of Johnny Cash and Daisy Lee Gatson Bates. In the case of Clarke, the reason given is "his racist beliefs".^[4] Clarke's own great-great-grandson, former Arkansas state legislator Clarke Tucker, in a 2018 column strongly supported replacing Clarke's statue: "I strongly hope one of the new statues will be Daisy Bates or a member of the Little Rock Nine."^[5]^[6]

References[edit]

^ "James Paul Clarke (1895–1897)". Old State House Museum. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
^ "Arkansas Governor James Paul Clarke". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
^ Niswonger, Richard L. "James Paul Clarke (1854–1916)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved April 15, 2019.
^ Itkowitz, Colby (April 17, 2019). "Johnny Cash to replace Confederate statue on Capitol Hill". Washington Post.
^ Tucker, Clarke (October 11, 2018). "A new statue to represent Arkansas in D.C." Arkansas Times.
^ Peters, Ben (April 17, 2019). "Johnny Cash is replacing one of the Capitol's Civil War statues". Roll Call.

External links[edit]

Media related to James Paul Clarke at Wikimedia Commons
Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry: James Paul Clarke

Party political offices
Preceded by William Meade Fishback	Democratic nominee for Governor of Arkansas 1894	Succeeded by Daniel Webster Jones
First	Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Arkansas (Class 3) 1914	Succeeded by William F. Kirby
Political offices
Preceded by William Meade Fishback	Governor of Arkansas 1895–1897	Succeeded by Daniel Webster Jones
U.S. Senate
Preceded by James K. Jones	United States Senator (Class 3) from Arkansas 1903–1916	Succeeded by William F. Kirby
Preceded by Rotating pro tems	President pro tempore of the United States Senate March 13, 1913 – October 1, 1916	Succeeded by Willard Saulsbury Jr.

[1] "James Paul Clarke (1895–1897)". Old State House Museum. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.

[2] "Arkansas Governor James Paul Clarke". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.

[3] Niswonger, Richard L. "James Paul Clarke (1854–1916)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved April 15, 2019.

[Cash-4] Itkowitz, Colby (April 17, 2019). "Johnny Cash to replace Confederate statue on Capitol Hill". Washington Post.

[5] Tucker, Clarke (October 11, 2018). "A new statue to represent Arkansas in D.C." Arkansas Times.

[6] Peters, Ben (April 17, 2019). "Johnny Cash is replacing one of the Capitol's Civil War statues". Roll Call.

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v t e Governors of Arkansas
Territorial (1819–1836)	J. Miller Izard Pope Fulton
State (from 1836)	J. Conway Yell Adams Drew Byrd Roane E. Conway Rector Fletcher Flanagin Murphy Clayton Hadley Baxter Brooks* Baxter Garland W. Miller Churchill Berry Hughes Eagle Fishback Clarke Jones Davis Little Moore Pindall Martin Donaghey Robinson Oldham Futrell Hays Brough McRae Terral Martineau Parnell Futrell Bailey Adkins Laney McMath Cherry Faubus Rockefeller Bumpers Riley Pryor Purcell Clinton White Clinton Tucker Huckabee Beebe Hutchinson
Italics indicates acting governor. * Disputed; see Brooks–Baxter War.

v t e United States senators from Arkansas
Class 2	Fulton Ashley Sebastian McDonald Clayton Garland Berry Davis Heiskell Kavanaugh Robinson Miller Spencer McClellan Hodges D. Pryor Hutchinson M. Pryor Cotton
Class 3	Sevier Borland Johnson Mitchel Rice Dorsey Walker Jones Clarke Kirby T. Caraway H. Caraway Fulbright Bumpers Lincoln Boozman

v t e Chairmen of the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Commerce and Manufactures (1816–1825)	Hunter Sanford Dickerson
Commerce (1825–1947)	Lloyd Johnston Woodbury Forsyth King Silsbee Goldsborough Davis King Huntington Haywood Dix Hamlin Dodge Clay Chandler Conkling Gordon Ransom McMillan Frye Ransom Frye Nelson Clarke Fletcher Jones H. Johnson Stephens Copeland Bailey
Interstate Commerce (1887–1947)	Cullom Butler Cullom Elkins Clapp Newlands Smith Cummins Smith Watson Couzens Dill Wheeler
Interstate and Foreign Commerce/Commerce (1947–1977)	White E. Johnson Tobey Bricker Magnuson
Commerce, Science, and Transportation (1977–)	Magnuson Cannon Packwood Danforth Hollings Pressler McCain Hollings McCain Hollings McCain Stevens Inouye Rockefeller Thune Wicker

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