The Last Unicorn (film)
The Last Unicorn (film)
| The Last Unicorn | |
|---|---|
_theatrical_poster.jpg) Official theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | |
| Produced by |
|
| Screenplay by | Peter S. Beagle |
| Based on | The Last Unicorn by Peter S. Beagle |
| Starring | |
| Music by | Jimmy Webb |
| Cinematography | Hiroyasu Omoto |
| Edited by | Tomoko Kida |
Production companies | |
| Distributed by | Jensen Farley Pictures (Sunn Classic Pictures) |
Release date |
|
Running time | 84 minutes[2] |
| Country | United States[3] |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $6.5 million (US)[4] |
The Last Unicorn is a 1982 animated fantasy film about a unicorn who, upon learning that she is the last of her species in the world, goes on a quest to find out what has happened to the others of her kind. Based on the 1968 novel The Last Unicorn written by Peter S. Beagle, who also wrote the film's screenplay, the film was directed and produced by Arthur Rankin Jr. and Jules Bass.[5] It was produced by Rankin/Bass Productions for ITC Entertainment and animated by Topcraft.[6]
The film includes the voices of Alan Arkin, Jeff Bridges, Mia Farrow, Angela Lansbury, and Christopher Lee. The musical score and the songs were composed and arranged by Jimmy Webb, and performed by the group America and the London Symphony Orchestra,[7] with additional vocals provided by Lucy Mitchell. The film grossed $6.5 million in the United States.[4]
Plot[edit]
A unicorn learns from two hunters and a butterfly that she is the last of her kind since a malevolent entity called the Red Bull has herded unicorns to the ends of the earth. The Unicorn journeys to find them.
The Unicorn is captured by the witch Mommy Fortuna and displayed in her Midnight Carnival. Most of the attractions are normal animals enhanced by illusions to appear as mythical beasts. Fortuna uses a spell to create another horn on the unicorn's head, as the carnival visitors cannot see her real form. Fortuna keeps the immortal harpy Celaeno captive as well, deeming the risk secondary to the deed's prestige. The unicorn is befriended by Schmendrick,[8] an incompetent magician in the service of Mommy Fortuna. With the help of Schmendrick, the Unicorn escapes, in the process freeing Celaeno, who kills Fortuna. The Unicorn and Schmendrick gain a second traveling companion with Molly Grue, the careworn lover of Captain Cully (the disappointing reality behind the Robin Hood legend).
When the Unicorn nears the seaside castle of King Haggard, keeper of the Red Bull, she encounters the beast, a monstrous fire elemental. Before she can be captured, Schmendrick uses his unpredictable magic, transforming her into a woman. The Red Bull becomes uninterested in her and departs, but the Unicorn is shocked by the sensation of mortality. Schmendrick promises to return her to normal after the quest is complete.
Schmendrick, Molly Grue, and the now-human Unicorn proceed to the castle. Haggard is at first unwelcoming. Schmendrick introduces the Unicorn as Lady Amalthea, and requests that they become members of Haggard's court, only to be told that the only occupants of the castle are Haggard, his adopted son Prince Lír and four ancient men-at-arms. Haggard consents to lodge the trio, replacing his more competent wizard, Mabruk, with Schmendrick, and setting Molly Grue to work in his scullery. Mabruk leaves after recognizing "Amalthea" for what she truly is, jeering that by allowing her into his castle Haggard has invited his doom. Due to her new human emotions, Amalthea begins forgetting her true self and falls in love with Prince Lír, and considers abandoning her quest in favor of mortal love. Haggard confronts Amalthea, hinting at the location of the unicorns, yet from the waning magic in her eyes, has doubts regarding his suspicions that she is more than she seems.
Molly finally learns the location of the Red Bull's lair from the castle's cat. Molly, Schmendrick, and Amalthea are joined by Lír as they enter the bull's den, and are trapped there by Haggard. Schmendrick explains to Lír what they are looking for and reveals Amalthea's true identity. Lír declares that he loves her anyway. This makes Amalthea want to abandon the quest and marry Lír, but Lír dissuades her. The Red Bull appears, no longer deceived by Amalthea's human form, and chases after her. Schmendrick turns Amalthea back into the Unicorn, but she is unwilling to leave Lír's side. The Bull begins driving her toward the ocean just as he had driven the other unicorns. Lír tries defending her, but is killed by the bull. Enraged, the Unicorn turns on the Bull and forces him into the sea. Carried on the incoming tides, the other unicorns emerge from the water. With their release, Haggard's castle collapses into the sea, and Haggard, watching all from the battlements, falls to his death.
On the beach, the Unicorn magically revives Lír before she leaves him. Schmendrick assures Lír he gained much by winning the love of a unicorn, even if he is now alone. The Unicorn later says goodbye to Schmendrick, who laments he wronged her by burdening her with regret and the taint of mortality, which could make her unable to properly rejoin her kind. She disagrees about the importance of his actions, as they helped restore unicorns to the world and made her experience love. Schmendrick and Molly watch the Unicorn depart for her home.
Cast[edit]
- Mia Farrow as the Unicorn / Lady Amalthea, the eponymous "last unicorn" who, in her search for the other unicorns, is transformed into a young woman and learns about regret and love.
- Alan Arkin as Schmendrick, a magician who accompanies the Unicorn on her quest to find others like her. Beagle commented that he was a bit "disappointed" by the way Arkin approached the character because it seemed "too flat".[9]
- Jeff Bridges as Prince Lír, King Haggard's adopted son who falls in love with Lady Amalthea. Although he is later told by Schmendrick that she is a unicorn, his feelings for her remain unchanged, as he says emphatically, "I love whom I love".
- Tammy Grimes as Molly Grue, the love of Captain Cully who joins Schmendrick and the Unicorn. While explaining that there was no particular reason that he did not write a detailed background for Molly Grue's character, Beagle stated that he has "always been grateful" to Grimes because she "brought such vocal life to the character that she covered things I didn't do."[9]
- Robert Klein as The Butterfly, the creature that gives the Unicorn a hint as to where to find the other unicorns.
- Angela Lansbury as Mommy Fortuna, a witch who uses her illusory magic to run the Midnight Carnival, which showcases mythical creatures that are, in truth, just normal animals. Later, the harpy Celaeno, one of the two real mythical creatures, kills her and her henchman, Ruhk.
- Christopher Lee as King Haggard, the ruler of a dreary kingdom, who has never been happy, save for when he looks at unicorns. Beagle described Lee as "the last of the great 19th Century actors, and either the most-literate or second-most literate performer I've ever met."[10] When Lee came in to work, he brought his own copy of the novel wherein he took note of lines that he believed should not be omitted.[11] Lee, who was fluent in German, also voiced Haggard in the German dub of the film.[12]
- Keenan Wynn as Captain Cully, the leader of a group of bandits.
- Paul Frees as Mabruk, King Haggard's court magician who is replaced by Schmendrick.
- Frees also voices the Cat, an old cat who gives Molly hints on finding the Red Bull.
- Don Messick as Additional Voices
- Nellie Bellflower as the Tree, a tree that speaks and falls in love with Schmendrick after he casts the wrong spell on it.
- René Auberjonois as the Skull that guards the clock that serves as an entryway into the Red Bull's lair. Beagle praised Auberjonois' performance, saying "he could have played any role in that movie and I would have been happy ... He's that talented."[10]
- Brother Theodore as Ruhk, a hunchback who works for Mommy Fortuna. He, along with Mommy Fortuna, is killed by the Harpy Celaeno.
- Edward Peck as Jack Jingly, Cully's Men
- Jack Lester as Hunter #1, Old Farmer, Cully's Men
- Kenneth Jennings as Hunter #2, Cully's Men
Crew[edit]
- Director and producer: Arthur Rankin Jr., Jules Bass
- Co-producer: Masaki Iizuka
- Story and Screenplay: Peter S. Beagle (based on his novel)
- Executive producer: Martin Starger
- Animation coordinator: Toru Hara
- Continuity animation: Tsuguyuki Kubo
- Backgrounds: Minoru Nishida, Kazusuke Yoshihara, Mitsuo Iwasaki
- Production designed by Arthur Rankin Jr.
- Associate producer: Michael Chase Walker
- Music and lyrics by Jimmy Webb
- Songs performed by America
- Character design: Lester Abrams
- Continuity and animation direction: Katsuhisa Yamada
- Key animation: Kazuyuki Kobayashi, Hidemi Kubo, Tadakatsu Yoshida
- Animation: Yoshiko Sasaki, Masahiro Yoshida, Kayoko Sakano, Fukuo Suzuki
- Camera: Hiroyasu Omoto
- Editor: Tomoko Kida
- Sound effects: Tom Clack, Kiyoshi Ohira
- Assistant animation coordinator: Kiyoshi Sakai
- Additional storyboard sequences: Don Duga
- Tapestry designer: Irra Duga
- Production coordinator: Lee Dannacher
- Orchestrators: William McCauley, Matthew McCauley
- Additional orchestrators: Jimmy Webb and Elton Moser
- Recording engineers: John Curcio, John Richards, Dave Iveland
- Recording mixer: Donald O. Mitchell
Production[edit]
Peter S. Beagle stated that there had been interest in creating a film based on the book early on. Those who expressed interest included Lee Mendelson and Bill Melendez of the Peanuts television specials, though Beagle had been convinced by one of their partners' wives that they were "not good enough", as well as former 20th Century Fox animator Les Goldman. At the time, Beagle believed that "animated was the only way to go" with regard to the film, and had never thought of making it into a live-action film. Arthur Rankin, Jr. and Jules Bass' New York-based production company, Rankin/Bass Productions, had been the last studio that the film's associate producer, Michael Chase Walker, approached, and Beagle was "horrified" when he was informed that they had made a deal with Walker. Beagle stated that he has "…come to feel that the film is actually a good deal more than I had originally credited", and went on to say "There is some lovely design work – the Japanese artists who did the concepts and coloring were very good. And the voice actors do a superb job in bringing my characters to life…"[9]
While Rankin/Bass provided the film's dialogue and story based on Beagle's work, the animation was done at Topcraft in Tokyo, Japan, headed by former Toei Animation employee Toru Hara, with Masaki Iizuka being in charge of the production. The studio, which previously animated The Hobbit (1977) and The Return of the King (1979, 1980), The Stingiest Man in Town (1978), Frosty's Winter Wonderland and other cel-animated projects from Rankin/Bass, would later be hired by Hayao Miyazaki to work on Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, and their core members eventually went on to form Studio Ghibli.[13] According to Beagle, the final film ended up being "remarkably close" to his original script, although one scene at the end involving an encounter with a princess was "animated but eventually cut."[9]
Soundtrack[edit]
The musical score and the songs were composed and arranged by Jimmy Webb, and performed by the group America and the London Symphony Orchestra,[7] with additional vocals provided by Lucy Mitchell. The Last Unicorn soundtrack was recorded at De Lane Lea Studios in Wembley, England in 1982.[7] The album was released in Germany in 1983 by Virgin Records,[7] but has not been released in the United States; it includes the film score's symphonic pieces. In his review for AllMusic, James Christopher Monger called it, "an appropriately somber and sentimental blend of fairy tale motifs and dark, Wagnerian cues".[14]
The theme song is featured on the 1997 compilation album The Best of America.[15]
Release[edit]
U.S. distribution rights were sold to Jensen Farley when Universal Pictures, who were due to release Associated Film Distribution's product (including ITC) in the United States, were not keen on the film.[16][17]
The Last Unicorn premiered in 648 theaters in the United States on November 19, 1982,[4] and earned $2,250,000 on its opening weekend.[4] It grossed a total of $6,455,330 in the U.S. and Canada.[4]
Home media[edit]
The first U.S. DVD, released by Family Home Entertainment on March 16, 2004, was made from poor-quality pan-and-scan masters. The company's owner, Lionsgate, later licensed the German video masters and audio mix and came up with a "25th Anniversary Edition" DVD which was released in North America on February 6, 2007. It has audio and visual quality superior to the original U.S. release, and is in 16:9 widescreen format, but has several swear words edited out, and as a result of being taken from PAL masters, plays 4% faster than the original film, resulting in a slightly higher audio pitch than normal. The new DVD edition includes a featurette with an interview with the author, as well as a set-top game, image gallery, and the original theatrical trailer.[18][19] As of October 2011, over 2,500,000 copies of the DVD have been sold. A Blu-ray edition of the film was released by Lionsgate on February 22, 2011, this release was sourced from a new transfer of the theatrical cut of the film, thus restoring the swearing and correcting the PAL speed up issue, though the 25th Anniversary Edition was still included as an option on this release.[20]
On June 9, 2015, Shout! Factory released new Blu-ray and DVD versions of The Last Unicorn entitled "The Enchanted Edition". This edition was transferred from a new widescreen 2K digital master, and includes the original uncensored audio as well as a commentary track with Peter S. Beagle, associate producer Michael Chase Walker, tour producer Connor Freff Cochran, and Conlan Press team members; highlights from the Worldwide Screening Tour; a new True Magic: The Story of the Last Unicorn featurette; animated storyboards; and the original theatrical trailer.[21][22]
It can also be viewed on The Criterion Channel.[23]
Reception[edit]
In a New York Times review, Janet Maslin called The Last Unicorn "an unusual children's film in many respects, the chief one being that it is unusually good. [...] features a cast that would do any live-action film proud, a visual style noticeably different from that of other children's fare, and a story filled with genuine sweetness and mystery." and said that "no one of any age will be immune to the sentiment of the film's final moments, which really are unexpectedly touching and memorable".[24] Beagle himself called the film "magnificent" in comparison to J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, for which he also wrote the screenplay.[25] As of 2020, the film has a 73% rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 22 reviews. The critical consensus reads: "The Last Unicorn lacks the fluid animation to truly sparkle as an animated epic, but offbeat characters and an affecting storytelling make it one of a kind for the true believers."[26]
Todd McCarthy in Variety praised the script and voice acting but was unimpressed by the film's animation.[16] "However vapid the unicorn may appear to the eye, Mia Farrow's voice brings an almost moving plaintive quality to the character. For an actress to register so strongly on voice alone is a rare accomplishment."[16] The review also praised the vocal talents of Arkin, Lee, and Frees.[16]
Colin Greenland reviewed The Last Unicorn for Imagine magazine, and stated that "Beagle has kept all the good bits, including the jokes, the smart, wry dialogue, and many bursts of brilliant imagination, here captured in stylish special effects: the attack of the Red Bull, all made of fire; the binding of all the lost unicorns into the foam of the sea."[27]
Legacy[edit]
The film has since maintained a cult following.[28]
Kenny Loggins covered the title song on his 1994 album Return To Pooh Corner.[29]
References[edit]
- ^ "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer's Studio Made an INTENSE The Last Unicorn Adaptation". Comic Book Resources.
- ^ "THE LAST UNICORN (U)". British Board of Film Classification. BBCFC. 1982-05-05. p. 1. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2017.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
- ^ "The Last Unicorn (1982)". Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d e "The Last Unicorn". Box Office Mojo. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
- ^ Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. p. 188. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Criterion Channel
- ^ a b c d "The Last Unicorn". Discogs. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "Dictionary.com". Online Etymology Dictionary. Harper Collins Publishers. p. 1. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
- ^ a b c d Liu, Ed (2007-02-05). "Peter S. Beagle on The Last Unicorn 25th Anniversary". Toon Zone. Archived from the original on 2007-02-13. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
- ^ a b Beagle, Peter S. (2007). The Last Unicorn. USA: ROC. pp. 247–280. ISBN 978-0-7607-8374-0.
- ^ Simpson, Paul (2004). The Rough guide to Kid's Movies. Rough Guides. p. 182. ISBN 1-84353-346-4.
- ^ Robert W. Pohle Jr.; Douglas C. Hart; Rita Pohle Baldwin (9 May 2017). The Christopher Lee Film Encyclopedia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-8108-9270-5.
- ^ Hairston, Marc (November 2001). "The Last Unicorn". utd500.utdallas.edu. Archived from the original on 2007-08-27. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
- ^ Monger, James Christopher. "The Last Unicorn". AllMusic. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
- ^ The Last Unicorn on America's official YouTube channel
- ^ a b c d McCarthy, Todd (1982-11-17). "The Last Unicorn". Variety. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
- ^ The Last Unicorn at the American Film Institute Catalog
- ^ "Fans help world-famous author Peter S. Beagle when they get the new 25th Anniversary DVD Edition of The Last Unicorn through Conlan Press" (PDF) (Press release). Retrieved 2007-09-04.
- ^ Carter, R.J. (February 6, 2007). "DVD Review: The Last Unicorn - 25th Anniversary Edition". www.the-trades.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
- ^ The Last Unicorn Blu-ray Release Date February 22, 2011, retrieved 2021-05-26
- ^ "THE LAST UNICORN enchanted edition dvd - Conlan Press". 2017. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ "THE LAST UNICORN enchanted edition blu-ray/dvd combo - Conlan Press". 2017. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
- ^ Criterion Channel
- ^ Maslin, Janet (1982-12-19). "Last Unicorn, An Animated Fable". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ Hennessey-DeRose, Christopher. "Interview: Peter S. Beagle goes back to his fine and private place to continue the saga of The Last Unicorn". Science Fiction Weekly. Archived from the original on 2008-07-22. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ "The Last Unicorn (1982)". www.rottentomatoes.com. Fandango. p. 1. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
- ^ Greenland, Colin (September 1984). "Fantasy Media". Imagine (review). TSR Hobbies (UK), Ltd. (18): 47.
- ^ 18 Popular Cult Classic Movies That Are Perfect For Movie Night - CINEMABLEND
- ^ The Last Unicorn on Kenny Loggins' official YouTube channel
External links[edit]
 | Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Last Unicorn (film) |
- 1982 films
- English-language films
- 1982 animated films
- 1980s fantasy films
- American children's animated adventure films
- American children's animated fantasy films
- American fantasy adventure films
- American independent films
- British animated fantasy films
- British children's adventure films
- British children's animated films
- British children's fantasy films
- British fantasy adventure films
- British films
- British independent films
- Films directed by Jules Bass
- Films directed by Arthur Rankin Jr.
- Animated films based on novels
- 1980s children's fantasy films
- Fantasy adventure films
- Films based on fantasy novels
- Films about depression
- Japanese animated fantasy films
- Japanese fantasy adventure films
- Japanese independent films
- Japanese films
- Films about unicorns
- Films set in Europe
- Films set in Ireland
- Topcraft
- ITC Entertainment films
- 1980s American animated films
- American films
- Rankin/Bass Productions films
- Films based on American novels
- Films about witchcraft
- Films about wizards
- Cultural depictions of Harpies
- 1980s children's animated films
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