Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford
Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford
The Earl of Bedford | |
|---|---|
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| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1527 |
| Died | 28 July 1585 (aged 57–58) London |
| Spouse(s) | Margaret St John (died 1562)Bridget Hussey (m. 1566) |
| Relations | Edward Russell, 3rd Earl of Bedford (grandson) Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford (grandson) |
| Parent(s) | John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford Anne Sapcote |
| Alma mater | King's Hall, Cambridge |
Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford, KG (c. 1527 – 28 July 1585) of Chenies in Buckinghamshire and of Bedford House in Exeter, Devon, was an English nobleman, soldier, and politician. He was a godfather to the Devon-born sailor Sir Francis Drake. He served as Lord Lieutenant of Devon (1584-5).
Early life[edit]
Francis was the son of John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford and Anne Sapcote.[1] He was educated at King's Hall, Cambridge and accompanied his father, to sit in the House of Commons. He represented Buckinghamshire in parliament in 1545–47 and 1547–52. In 1547 he was appointed High Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire. He assisted to quell the rising in Devon in 1549, and after his father had been created Earl of Bedford in January 1550, was known as Lord Russell, taking his seat in the House of Lords under this title in 1552.
Russell was in sympathy with reformers, whose opinions he shared, and was in communication with Sir Thomas Wyatt; and in consequence of his religious attitude was imprisoned during the earlier part of Mary's reign. Being released he visited Italy, came into touch with foreign reformers. He led the English contingent fighting for Philip II of Spain, then England's King Consort, at the Battle of St. Quentin in 1557.[2]
Elizabeth I[edit]
When Elizabeth I of England ascended the throne in November 1558 the Earl of Bedford, as Russell had been since 1555, became an active figure in public life. He was made a privy councillor, and was sent on diplomatic errands to Charles IX of France and Mary, Queen of Scots.
From February 1564 to October 1567 he was governor of Berwick and warden of the east marches of Scotland, in which capacity he conducted various negotiations between Elizabeth and Mary. Bedford represented Elizabeth as her ambassador at the baptism of Prince James on 17 December 1566 at Stirling Castle, and was guest of honour at the subsequent banquet and masque. Mary, Queen of Scots gave him a gold chain set with pearls, diamonds, and rubies.[3] After the baptism, Mary's half-brother James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray took him on a tour of Fife. They visited St Andrews and Hallyards, a house of William Kirkcaldy of Grange.[4]
He appears to have been an efficient border warden, but was irritated by the vacillating and tortuous conduct of the English queen. When the northern insurrection broke out in 1569, Bedford was sent into Wales, and he sat in judgment upon the Duke of Norfolk in 1572.
In 1576 he was president of the council of Wales. In 1581 was one of the commissioners deputed to arrange a marriage between Elizabeth and François, Duke of Anjou. Bedford, who was made a Knight of the Garter in 1564, appears to have been a generous and popular man, and died in London in 1585.
Personal life[edit]
His first wife was Margaret (née St John) Gostwick (1533–1562), a widow of Sir John Gostwick. Margaret was a daughter of Sir John St John (great-grandson of Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso) and Margaret Waldegrave (a daughter of Sir William Waldegrave). Together, they were the parents of four sons and three daughters:[5]
- Lady Anne Russell (1548–1603), who married Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick.[5]
- Henry Russell, Baron Russell (1551–1572), who married his step-sister, Jane Sybilla Morrison of Cashiobury, without issue.[5]
- John Russell, Baron Russell (c. 1553–1584), who married Elizabeth Hoby, widow of Sir Thomas Hoby and daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke. They had one son, Francis, who died young, and two daughters, which included Anne Russell, wife of Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester.[6]
- Francis Russell, Baron Russell (c. 1554–1585), MP for Northumberland, from 1572 to 1584; captured at the Raid of the Redeswire in 1575,[7] mortally wounded in a fray on the Scottish border, dying hours before his father.[8] He married Juliana Foster and had issue, including Edward Russell, 3rd Earl of Bedford.[5]
- William Russell, 1st Baron Russell of Thornhaugh (c. 1557–1613), the Lord Deputy of Ireland who married Elizabeth Long, granddaughter of Sir Richard Long. They had one son, Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford.[5]
- Lady Elizabeth Russell (d. 1605), who married William Bourchier, 3rd Earl of Bath.[5]
- Lady Margaret Russell (1560–1616), who married George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland.[5]
Lady Bedford died on 27 August 1562. Bedford married his second wife, Bridget Manners, the Dowager Countess of Rutland (d. 1601), on 25 June 1566. Lady Rutland, a daughter of John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford and Lady Anne Grey (a daughter of George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent), had been twice widowed; first from Ambassador Sir Richard Morrison of Cashiobury in 1556, and second from Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland in 1563.[5]
Lord Bedford died in London on 28 July 1585. He was buried at the family chapel at St. Michael's Church next to Chenies Manor House, the family estate which he had made his principal home and where he had entertained Queen Elizabeth in 1570. He was succeeded as third Earl by his grandson, Edward Russell (1572–1627), only son of Francis Russell, Lord Russell.[5]
Descendants[edit]
Through his grandson, Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford (1587–1641) who was born two years after Lord Bedford's death in 1585, he was a great-grandfather of William Russell (1616–1700) who married Lady Anne Carr (a daughter of Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset) and became the 5th Earl of Bedford before he was created Duke of Bedford and Marquess of Tavistock on 11 May 1694.[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Prince 2008, p. 16.
- ^ Tittler & Richards 2014, p. xviii-xix.
- ^ Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1563-1569, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 310.
- ^ Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1563-1569, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 308-9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Bedford, Earl of (E, 1549/50)". www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Heraldic Media Limited. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ David Nash Ford. Royal Berkshire History, Nash Ford Publishing, 2001. Elizabeth Cooke
- ^ William Boyd, Calendar of State Papers Scotland: 1574-1581, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907) p. 170.
- ^ The Complete Peerage, Volume II. St Catherine's Press. 1912. p. 77.
Sources[edit]
- Prince, Hugh C. (2008). Parks in Hertfordshire Since 1500. Hertfordshire Publications.
- Tittler, Robert; Richards, Judith (2014). The Reign of Mary I. Routledge.
External links[edit]
- tudorplace.com.ar[unreliable source] Accessed 27 October 2007
- thepeerage.com Accessed 27 October 2007
- Richardson, Douglas, Kimball G. Everingham, and David Faris. Plantagenet Ancestry A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Royal ancestry series. Baltimore, Md: Genealogical Pub. Co, 2004. Accessed 28 October 2007
| General | |
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| National libraries | |
| Biographical dictionaries | |
| Other | |
- 1527 births
- 1585 deaths
- Earls of Bedford (1551 creation)
- Barons Russel
- Knights of the Garter
- Lord-Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire
- Lord-Lieutenants of Cornwall
- Lord-Lieutenants of Devon
- Lord-Lieutenants of Dorset
- Russell family
- High Sheriffs of Bedfordshire
- High Sheriffs of Buckinghamshire
- 16th-century English soldiers
- 16th-century Puritans
- Ambassadors of England to Scotland
- English MPs 1545–1547
- English MPs 1547–1552
- 16th-century English diplomats
- 16th-century English nobility
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